نشریه تعالی حقوق
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1399)

The oil industry is known as one of the industries with a large financial turnover in the world so it can be a well situation for Occurrence of various financial crimes such as corruption but so far it has been overlooked by criminal jurists and criminologists, including its complexity, specialization, and technology and also its lack of pervasiveness in society and there is no exception to this rule for Iran’s oil industry. The economic foundation of Middle Eastern countries is based on natural resources Addressing this issue is very important. So there is no research has examined the sources of corruption in the Iranian oil industry. In this research base on field studies and case studies, the originate of corruption in Iran will be expressed and practical solutions to prevent and struggle it will be presented. In this research will try to consideration comparative studies to explain the issues.

To maintain the system of Islam, maintaining the government means Islamic Republic is obligatory and in this respect, codification of appropriate legislative policy it is necessary in order to protect it. Quantitative and qualitative multiplicity of militant behaviors against Islamic Republic of Iran caused Legislators resort to interpreting the extensive jurisprudential sources to ensure system security .But momentary activity of subversive Groups, during the forty years of its existence the Islamic Republic of Iran, has reduced the discipline and coherence of its legislative policy. In spite of the fact that the Guardian Council has in some cases has sought legislative coherence but there is still no legal order in this area. This research seeks to answer this question that what is Iran's legislative policy towards overthrowing the system and what features it has. Accordingly, the area of legal obligation and non-compliance will be examined according to the views of the Guardian Council and finally, Iran's legislative criminal policy is assessed on the subject

compulsory acquisition ofland byexecutive bodies for public interest is permitted bypayment of compensation and observance of the lawIn order to do solaw must giveopportunity to object to theprocess ofacquisition and maintain the right to compensation toindividuals whoseproperty rights are affected by related actions.Due tocharacteristics of speed, low cost, and expertise in examination,quasi-judicial authorities havecreated a suitable solution in this fieldIn this article with an analytical-comparative approach inIranian andBritish law we seek to answer questions what is theposition of quasi-judicial authorities in the acquisition process?And by what principles are therights of owners and persons affected by ownership protected inthese authorities?In Britishbefore approving the order of compulsory acquisition by Minister related to acquisitionhe proceeds toexamine objections through two way;written representations, public local inquiry.LandTribunal determines compensation under standard procedure;simplified procedure;special procedure;written representations procedure.In both ways,the right holders are informed about provisions of the administrative authority's decision,the principles of natural justicehearing of the statements and reasons ofparties,the documented and reasoned decisions,and theability to appeal is recognized.in Iranian law, thecorresponding rules on the objection to theprocess of acquisition are not provided for in the quasi-judicial authority, and at thesame time there are shortcomings indetermination of compensation expert board.Therefore, suggestions have been made to amend thelaws

American government has enacted nuclear sanctions against peaceful nuclear program of Iran particular and extensive financial banking and commercial sanction against the economy of the country. election of political system and lifestyle, especially the right to achieve developments. The present essay has assessed the relationships between the U.S constrains and conducts regarding this right, through researches in to this topic,. According to this study, sult social, cultural, and even political situation of Iranian people as a erga omnes obligation which not only has it influenced the interests of Iranian people and government, but also those of other countries that are members of International community and general has affected the public world order. According to this, Iran Islamic Republic as a direct damaged government based on International law right to point out the U.S.A. International responsibilities and ask for the stop of illegal action, ensure not to repeat it, and compensate for the damage. Also, other governments recognize illegal situation resulted from the violation of this erga omnes, not to contribute to keep that, and make sure any obstacles against enactment of mentioned commitments have been removed, as a result, in order to make sure, all governments should cooperate actively.

Engineering contracts, procurement and construction (EPC) have entered the legal field of Iran as a contract with foreign bases and in order to localize this contract, variable characteristics such as political, legal and economic affairs should be considered. These contracts are one of the most common and practical contracts in the world in the field of design and construction. Therefore, the contracts in question have legal principles that require compliance, which strengthens the theory that these contracts are definite and excludes them from the scope of Article 10 of the Civil Code. What is more, there are several laws, regulations, sections of letters and similar agreements in this field that can be the creator of the legal principles governing these contracts. In addition to defining and applying these contracts in some leading countries in the field of manufacturing, the present article seeks to identify and or establish legal principles in engineering contracts, procurement and construction in Iran's oil and gas industry.

Previously, legal research in our country was limited to the interpretation of lows, but today, many researchers have found that legislation is also subject to legal principles and rules. Therefore, in the new writings, the principles and techniques of legislation are mentioned and based on it, the desired legislative system is defended. If the legislature issues two different rulings on a single issue, so that each denies the other, the conflict between the two laws is realized. Such a situation makes it difficult to enforce the law. Because official courts and institutions are obliged to implement all the laws of the country. However, it is impossible and unreasonable to enforce multiple rulings on a single subject. In addition, the inadequacy of the rules of conflict resolution has been proven in some cases and assumptions. Therefore, a solution must be found to solve the problem of contradiction of laws, This article seeks to identify some of the causes and factors that have led to conflicting laws. Legislators awareness of these causes and factors not only reduces the likelihood of repeating the fault and enacts conflicting laws in the future, but also highlights the need to review and amend current conflicting regulations.